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Thermodynamic parameters(Pressure,volumes and temperature)


(1).Pressure :Pressure is defined as force per unit area.It is usually more convenient to use.
Significance of pressure:Pressure can come in two forms:static and dynamic:
(a).static Pressure.
(b).dynamic pressure.
Application of pressure:
(1).Air pressure in car tyre supports the weight of the car.
(2).Sucking a drink through a straw-fluid flows because of pressure difference.
(3).Aircraft fly because of the air pressure on the wings.
(4).Bullet fired from a gun is driven by gas pressure.
(5).Toy balloon inflates because of air pressure inside.
(2).Volume:Volume is how much three-dimensional space a substance(solid,liquid or gas) or shape occupies or contains,often quantified numerically using the si derived unit,the  cubic meter.
Application of volume:What about the volume of solid that is irregular in shape?some irregularly shaped objects,such as a scooter,which consists primarily of one round wheel and a number of oblong shapes,can be measured by seperating them into regular shapes.calculus may be employed with more complex problems to obtain the volume of an irregular shape but the most basic method is simply to immerse the object in water.This procedure involves measuring the volume of the water before and after immersion,and calculating the difference.Of course,the object being measured cannot be water-soluble;if it is,its volume must be measured in a non-water based liquid such as alcohol.
(3).Temperature:
(a).The degree of hotness or coldness of body or environment.
(b).A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter,expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale.
Significance of temperature:
(a)Temperature plays a significant role in almost all fields of science.
(b)Many physical properties of materials including the phase(solid,liquid,gaseous),density,solubility,vapour pressure and electrical conductivity depend upon the temperature.
(c)Temperature also plays a significant role in determining the rate and extent to which chemical reactions occur.This is one reason why the human body has several elaborate mechanisms for maintaining the temperature at 310 k.
Application of temperature:
Thermometer:It can be defined scientifically as a device that gauges temperature by measuring a temperature-dependent property,such as the expansion of liquid in a sealed tube. 
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